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Supporting a Grieving Child

Children experience many of the same feelings that adults do when someone close to them dies, but their grief process differs from an adult’s in several important ways.
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Help for Parents and Guardians

Ele's Place offers structured adult groups concurrent with our children's programming.
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Helping a Grieving Friend

Because death is a relative unknown for most children, they are unlikely to know how best to approach their friend who has experienced a death.
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Supporting a Grieving Child

Parents and guardians of grieving children often wonder how best to help the young people in their care. Children experience many of the same feelings that adults do when someone close to them dies, but their grief process differs from an adult’s in several important ways.

  • Children often grieve intermittently, alternating periods of distress with times when they seem to be just fine. This can be confusing for adults, who may mistakenly conclude that the child is not grieving, or is “over” their grief. Instead, it is the child’s way of protecting himself or herself from the intensity of an experience that is difficult to handle.
  • Young children may not understand the finality of death, and may expect that the person will come back. Adults can validate these children by using concrete, “real” language such as “death,” “funeral,” “coffin/casket,” etc., rather than attempting to distance a child from the loss by the use of euphemisms such as “passed away,” “lost,” etc.
  • Children have limited coping skills, and do not have the life experience of adults to help them know they can get through difficult events.
  • Children may not be able to put their feelings into words, and will instead act out their feelings through their behavior. Older children and adolescents who have the ability to talk about their feelings may be reluctant to do so with their family and friends. They may feel they need to protect their family from their difficult feelings, or feel embarrassed about being “different” from their friends.
  • Children of all ages may blame themselves, thinking that they somehow caused the death, or should have been able to prevent it.

How to Help a Grieving Child or Teen

The death of a family member or close friend can present some of the most difficult challenges a family can face. Loss is painful, and as parents, we strive to protect our children from such painful experiences.  But when someone important in a child’s life has died, children and teens need the support, assistance, and honesty of adults.

They deserve the assistance of supportive adults to help them manage their feelings. The following suggestions are offered to assist you in the task of helping your child or teen to mourn in a healthy way and continue life with hope and confidence. Remember that your children, especially young children, will look to you for your reactions and responses and emulate them.  Don’t forget to care for yourself and reach out for the help that you need, also.  You might consider attending a parent support group at Ele’s Place while your child is at programming, seeking out individual counseling, or perhaps implementing some of your own unique coping mechanisms.  When you are cared for, you can best care for your child. 

Do: 

  • Tell the child about the death as soon as possible, using clear, age-appropriate language. Provide factual information about the cause of death without going into unnecessary detail. Answer your child’s questions openly and honestly, but only answer the question they are asking – follow your child’s lead. 
  • Explain that death means the body no longer works, and the person who died cannot come back.
  • Reassure the child that his/her feelings, thoughts or behavior did not cause the death.
  • Expect and accept that your child may react in a way that is uncomfortable for you. Anger, curiosity, an apparent lack of feeling, and even laughter are not uncommon reactions upon hearing about a death and are simply the child’s attempt to cope with this information.
  • Invite questions and be prepared to repeat information you have given. It takes time for children to absorb the reality of death. Be patient and repeat information even if the same questions have been answered many times before.
  • Explain the plans for the visitation and/or funeral and encourage the child to participate in some way. When children are given information about what to expect and are accompanied by a supportive adult, they can benefit from inclusion in the funeral ritual.
  • Model appropriate grief behavior for children by labeling your feelings and showing your emotions within reasonable limits.
  • Anticipate that your child may need extra attention and reassurance for a time. Nighttime fears, separation anxiety, temper outbursts, and regression to younger behavior all are common reactions. Reassure your child that you are still a family, you will get through this together, and there will always be someone to love and care for him or her.
  • Maintain routines as much as possible at home and school.  Children are reassured by predictable and familiar routines such as bedtime, chores, homework, etc.
  • Maintain appropriate limits and expectations regarding behavior. Grieving children are likely to act out their angry feelings in negative ways, but they need to know that the adults in their life will continue to help them control their behavior and find more appropriate ways to express their feelings.
  • Inform the child’s teacher and/or day care provider of the death and its impact on your child. Maintain communication with them so that you can work together to help your child adjust to the loss.
  • Allow and encourage your child to express feelings through play, art, writing, or other expressive means. Such activities can help the child manage overwhelming feelings.
  • Nurture memories by talking about the person who died, keeping a photo album or memory book, and acknowledging special occasions. Children need to maintain a connection to the people who were important in their life.
  • Find ways to commemorate the deceased person’s life with your child.  Meaning can be found in such diverse activities as planting a garden, cooking a special meal, or donating to a charity, teaching the child that life has meaning and is not forgotten.
  • Be understanding and comforting to your child for as long as necessary. For children, grief is experienced intermittently over time, with periods of mourning separated by periods of “normal” functioning. A happy, playful child may still be a grieving child who needs your support.
  • Expect that your child will re-experience feelings of grief as he or she matures. Special occasions such as holidays, birthdays, seasonal traditions and developmental milestones often trigger renewed grief. Anticipating and acknowledging such reactions helps make them more manageable.
  • Consider enrolling your child in a support group at Ele’s Place. Most children find great comfort in sharing their feelings and memories with other children their age who have experienced the death of a loved one. Ele’s Place programs are available at no cost.

What Not to Do:

  • Don’t lie to your child about the cause of death. Children generally learn the truth eventually and may be confused and angry about the deception.
  • Don’t use unclear euphemisms and platitudes when talking about the death. For example, saying that the person who died has been lost, is sleeping, or has gone on a trip may be misunderstood by children who interpret such statements literally. Likewise, statements such as “God needed him” may be more frightening than comforting.
  • Don’t force your child to participate at the visitation or funeral in ways that are uncomfortable for him or her.
  • If you have more than one child, don’t expect them to grieve in the same way, or to have the same feelings you have.  Grief is a uniquely individual experience that does not follow a predictable pattern.
  • Don’t expect your child to “tell” you how he or she is feeling; look instead for behavioral signals. Children often do not have a well-developed emotional vocabulary but do show their feelings through their behavior.
  • Don’t set artificial timelines for when you or your children should be through your grief. The loss of someone close to them becomes part of your personal and family history.

Talking to Children about Death

As much as we would like to protect children from death and loss, many children will experience some type of significant loss. Parents can help prepare children for the inevitable losses in their life by taking advantage of the “teachable moments” that occur when children learn of a death of someone outside of their immediate family.  They can then apply that information that they learn in a more abstract way from a more distant death to a significant loss as they process the death of a person important to them.

The following guidelines may help you to provide the information, coping skills and reassurance your children need.

  • Maintain a calm, matter-of-fact tone of voice and use clear, unambiguous vocabulary. Avoid euphemisms such as “lost”, “sleeping”, or “passed away”, which can be confusing to children. Explain that death means a person’s body doesn’t work anymore, usually because they were very, very, very sick or hurt or old.  Children need to know that death is permanent.  The person who died will not come back; their bodies no longer do the things they need to do to live, like breathing and eating. 
  • Reassure children that most people live to be very, very, very old. When they are sick or hurt, they usually get better. But sometimes a person is so badly hurt or so very, very, very sick that their body stops working.
  • Listen to your child’s questions and respond with simple, honest answers. Be careful not to give them more information than they can absorb. 
  • Children may worry that their parents or other family members could die. Do not promise that you will never die; instead remind them that you expect to live a very long time, that you want to be there to take care of them, and that there will always be someone to love and care for them.
  • Children may ask repetitive questions about the death, or temporarily incorporate themes of death in their play. This is normal and is the child’s way of making sense of new information.
  • Share your feelings and help your child identify his or her feelings about the death.
  • When appropriate, explain funeral rituals and any beliefs your family has and allow your child to participate if they wish to.  Many adults find a kind of closure in participating in these traditions that honor their loved ones and can help their children find it also as they remember the person who died.
 

For more information, please see our Resources page or call your local Ele’s Place branch.

  • Children often grieve intermittently, alternating periods of distress with times when they seem to be just fine. This can be confusing for adults, who may mistakenly conclude that the child is not grieving, or is “over” their grief. Instead, it is the child’s way of protecting himself or herself from the intensity of an experience that is difficult to handle.
  • Young children may not understand the finality of death, and may expect that the person will come back. Adults can validate these children by using concrete, “real” language such as “death,” “funeral,” “coffin/casket,” etc., rather than attempting to distance a child from the loss by the use of euphemisms such as “passed away,” “lost,” etc.
  • Children have limited coping skills, and do not have the life experience of adults to help them know they can get through difficult events.
  • Children may not be able to put their feelings into words, and will instead act out their feelings through their behavior. Older children and adolescents who have the ability to talk about their feelings may be reluctant to do so with their family and friends. They may feel they need to protect their family from their difficult feelings, or feel embarrassed about being “different” from their friends.
  • Children of all ages may blame themselves, thinking that they somehow caused the death, or should have been able to prevent it.

Some Common Grief Reactions in Children

Grief does not follow a predictable pattern. A child’s reaction to a death will vary depending on his or her age, relationship to the person who died, cause of death, other losses the child has experienced,current stresses in his or her life, coping skills, and other influences. Some children may show reactions immediately, while for others reactions may surface over time, sometimes several months or even years after the death. Like adults, unexpected triggers can arise for children that remind them of their person who died, and younger children may even struggle to define how or why they are feeling what they are experiencing.  Children may also experience renewed grief over a past death as they grow up; they revisit their grief with a new understanding of its impact on their lives.

  • Anger or increased irritability
  • Behavior problems; acting out
  • Increased fears and worries
  • Regression to younger behavior
  • Need for reassurance and nurturing
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Sadness
  • Questioning what happened and why it happened
  • Physical complaints (headaches, stomachaches, etc.); sleep disturbances; change in eating habit
  • Guilt or a feeling of responsibility – thinking they might have done something to cause the death, or should have been able to prevent it
 

At Ele’s Place, children are given a vocabulary to express their emotions, the opportunity to share their stories and the story of the person important to them who died, and peers who quickly become friends as they learn to process death and their own reactions to it.

Similarly, parents and guardians have the chance to interface with others who care for bereaved children and share their own stories and experiences as they make their way through the various emotions, struggles, and triumphs that death has raised for them. 

How Can Ele's Place Help?

Support groups can be helpful for children and teens experiencing both normal and complicated grief.  Peer support groups decrease isolation, promote healthy coping skills, provide a safe place to express feelings and share memories, and populate children’s vocabulary with concrete examples of ways in which they can express their grief.  Ele’s Place is also unique in that it provides a space for silence as well.  Children and their families are never pressured to share beyond their comfort zone and group facilitators are trained to ensure that participants feel valued, safe, and empowered to tell their story and the story of the person who died. 

At Ele’s Place, children are given a vocabulary to express their emotions, the opportunity to share their stories and the story of the person important to them who died, and peers who quickly become friends as they learn to process death and their own reactions to it. When a violent death occurs, such as a suicide or homicide, family members often need additional support because of the complicated issues involved.

Similarly, parents and guardians have the chance to interface with others who care for bereaved children and share their own stories and experiences as they make their way through the various emotions, struggles, and triumphs that death has raised for them. 

Ele’s Place not only provides insight into this process for the adults in the child’s life, but also offers structured adult groups concurrent with our children’s programming to not only work through their own grieving process, but also affords those parents and guardians a forum in which to discuss the variety of challenges presented to those caring for a grieving child. 

Does Ele's Place Help Parents and Guardians?

Yes! Parents and guardians have the chance to interface with others who care for bereaved children and share their own stories and experiences as they make their way through the various emotions, struggles, and triumphs that death has raised for them. 

Ele’s Place not only provides insight into this process for the adults in the child’s life, but also offers structured adult groups concurrent with our children’s programming to not only work through their own grieving process, but also affords those parents and guardians a forum in which to discuss the variety of challenges presented to those caring for a grieving child. 

Helping a Grieving Friend

When children watch their friends going through the emotions that arise after death, they are naturally going to be curious, but they may also choose to maintain a distance between themselves and that friend. Because death is a relative unknown for most children, they are unlikely to know how best to approach their friend who has experienced a death (and not likely at all to know that most adults suffer this hesitancy as well). Grief does not follow a predictable pattern. A child’s reaction to a death will vary depending on his or her age, relationship to the person who died, cause of death, other losses the child has experienced,current stresses in his or her life, coping skills, and other influences.

The following tips may be helpful to share with caregivers of children a grieving child spends time with. Open communication with members of a child’s “village” can help keep responses to the child’s reactions to/about the death and their feelings consistent, while also maintaining the safety and security of the people they care about around them.

The below information highlights some of the ways in which children experience loss and grief and can help adults to understand and better support them. 

DO
Understand that some days your friend will want to talk about or share feelings about the person who died – be a good listener!  Other days, they may not want to talk about them at all – enjoy their company! 
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DO
Make a card for your friend
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DO
Go to the funeral or memorial.
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DO
Ask if your friend wants to talk about the person who died.
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Be a good listener when your friend talks about the loss – even if you don’t know what to say.
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DO
It is okay to tell them that you don't know what to say but you care about them and how they feel.
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If you knew the person who died, talk with your friend about good memories of that person.
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Invite your friend to do something fun with you.
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Treat your friend the same as always.
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Understand that your friend might have good days and bad days.
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Include your friend in activities.
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Remember that holidays and special days might be difficult for your friend, and ask how he or she is doing.
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Ask what you can do to help.
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Be patient and forgiving when your friend is upset or seems different.
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DO
Say, “I don’t know how you feel, but I care and I’ll try to understand.”
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DO
Tell your friend it’s OK if he or she cries.
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DO
Let them know that it is okay to have fun and smile and laugh still.
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DO
If you feel worried or sad about the death in your friend’s family, talk with your parent or another adult.
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DON'T
Don’t tease or joke about the death or about the person who died.
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DON'T
Don’t ask a lot of questions (if your friend is very open and they would like to talk about the death, questions and conversation are okay – being able to talk or not talk are part of what makes your friendship strong).
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DON'T
Don’t treat your friend “special” – Yes, they may be sad or angry, but they are still the same person they were before; they are just missing the person they cared for who died. 
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DON'T
Don’t change the subject if your friend wants to talk about the person who died.
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Don’t say “I know how you feel.”
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Don’t make fun of your friend if he or she cries.
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